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Allergic Contact Dermatitis - Definition, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Definition:-

Allergic contact dermatitis is a is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with a foreign substance that produces a reaction. These substance generally called as allergens and some of these are harmless to most people and some people born or develop a hypersensitivity to these substances.

When skin come in contacted with any of allergen they changes the properties of the outer skin which acts as a protective layer and so causing reactions. As a result skin may get itchy, red, swollen, or form blistery rashes as a result of the reaction. The rash usually doesn't start until a day or two later, but can start as soon as hours or as late as a week.

The disease is associated with the workplace generally develops in stages. There may be period when a person continually in contact with the allergens but not affected by any skin reaction. This condition can lasts for a lifetime span or may be for a few weeks. The development of reaction usually different for different person. It mostly affects the hands but may spread to other parts that you touch.

Symptoms:-

The important symptoms that helps in causing the disease may include:-

  • The primary symptom may be a severe itching in the affected areas.
  • Skin redness or inflammation and swelling in the exposed area.
  • Skin lesion at the site of exposure may involve oozing, draining, or crusting.
  • There may be blistering of the skin.
  • Tenderness in the exposed areas.
  • scaling and temporary thickening of skin.
  • Warmth of the exposed area may occur that is heating affect may be there.

Causes:-

There are many substances that can cause allergic contact dermatitis. These includes:

Plants :

  • Poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac.

Metals:

  • Nickel:This is the most common cause.It is present in many types of metal.Such as jewellery, studs in jeans and other clothes, bra straps, etc .Developing itchy red patches is common s on the skin next to such things.
  • Mercury:which is generally present in contact lens solutions, can cause problems for some sensitive individuals.

Medications :

  • Topical anesthetics.
  • Antibiotics, especially those applied to the surface of the skin.
  • Penicillin, sulfa medications and other medications.
  • Other chemicals and substances.

Cosmetics :

  • Perfumes.
  • Preservatives in creams.
  • Fragrances.

Others :

  • Rubber.
  • Additives to leather and rubber (in shoes, clothes, etc).
  • Fabrics and clothing.
  • Detergents and solvents.
  • Adhesives.

Treatments:

The effective treatments for allergic contact dermatitis may includes:-

  • First of all wash the skin with soap and water as soon as possible after the exposure.
  • Wash clothes and all the other objects which may touch the allergens to prevent re-exposure.
  • Use wet, cold compresses to soothe and relieve inflammation, if blisters are broken.
  • Medication: The topical corticosteroid medications may reduce inflammation.
  • A podiatrist can recommend manufacturers of hypoallergenic shoes that do not cause allergic reactions.
  • Antihistamines such as Claratyne, Telfast, Zyrtec, Phenergan or Polaramine are very effective in controlling itch or irritation.
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